导读：
1. 内容：词汇（一）
2. 重点：词汇考点及解题思路（一）
TEXT
Hearts and Minds
Antidepressants not only treat depression, but can also help prevent heart disease. The scientists who have made this discovery think that improved mood makes the difference, rather than direct action by the drugs.
People who suffer from severe depression are up to four times as likely to die from heart disease triggered by obstructed blood flow as people who are not depressed —— even allowing fore classical risk factors such as smoking and high cholesterol levels. In fact, depression is a greater risk factor than smoking.
In 1996, Dominique Musselman of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and her colleagues tried to find out if depressed people are at risk because they have higher levels of sticky platelets in their blood. Following injuries, platelets stick together and clot to stop us from bleeding to death. Too much clotting would cause heart problems.
The researchers took blood samples from both depressed and healthy people and examined their platelets for evidence of stickiness. They measured characteristic chemical changes that occur on the surfaces of platelets as they prepare to clot and become sticky. The numbers of sticky platelets in depressed people, they found, were 41 per cent higher than in healthy volunteers.
Now the team has shown that antidepressant drugs can cut down the numbers of sticky platelets in the blood of depressed patients. They monitored 15 patients taking a drug from a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which includes Prozac （盐酸氟西汀）. The number of sticky platelets fell in all the patients, and even dropped back to normal levels in some of them, Musselman told a meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry in Washington DC last week.
"Treatment diminishes the stickiness of the platelets," she concludes. But one big question still remained. Does the drug lower the platelet stickiness directly, or does a happier mental state do the trick?
To find out, Musselman is running a placebo trial. Early results suggest people who don't report any improvement in mood after taking antidepressants also don't have much reduction in platelet stickiness. In contrast, people whose mood improves even with a placebo do show less platelet stickiness. This result suggests that mood improvement is the key. New Words
antidepressant [AntidI5pres[nt] n. 搞抑郁剂
depression [di5preFEn] n. 抑郁症
trigger [trigE] vt. 触发，引发
obstruct [Eb5strkt] vt. 阻塞，堵塞
classical [5klAsikEl] adj. 典型的，传统的
cholesterol [kE5lestErRl] n. 胆固醇
sticky [5stiki] adj. 粘性的，困难的
platelet [5pleItlit] n. 血小板
characteristic [kArEktE5ristik] adj.特
有的，表示特性的，典型的
surface [5sEfis] n. 表面
clot [5klRt] vt. vi. n. （使）凝块
monitor [5mRnit[] vt. 监测
serotonin [7siErE5t[unin] n. 血清素
reuptake [ri:5QpteIt] n. 再吸收
inhibitor [in5hib5t[] vt. 抑制
diminish [dI5miniF] vt. 减少/小
mental [5mentEl] adj. 心理/精神的
trick [trik] n. 诡计，诀窍
mood [mU:d] n. 情绪，心情
run [rQn] vt. 进行，传播，相传
placebo [plE5si:bEu] n. 安慰剂
应试指导
I. 词汇考点
1. 词汇量
A级词汇量为6000个左右；B级词汇量为5000个左右；C级词汇量为4000个左右。
单词记忆：
A. 少量多次，经常复习：一天背30－50，多背几遍；开始背下一课单词前先复习以前背过的单词
B. 短语习语、联想记忆：联想已经学过的同义、近义、反义词等
C. 词根词缀，帮助记忆：帮助理解记忆及词义推测能力。
2. 构词法
1） 词根
2） 词缀
A. 前缀
表示否定
a. dis- 加在名词、形容词、动词之前：Disadvantage缺点；dishonorable不光彩有；disagree不同意
b. in- 加在形容词、名词前：incorrect不正确的；inability无能
c. im- 加在字母m, b, p前：impossible不可能的
d. il- 加在以l开头的词前：illegal非法的
e. ir- 加在以r开头的词前：irregular不规则的、irresistible不可抵抗的
f. un- 加在名词、形容词、副词前：unemployment失业
g. non- 加在形容词、名词前：non-existence不存在
h. mis- 加在动词、名词前：misunderstand误解，misleading误导
i. dis- 加在动词前：disappear消失
j. de- 加在名词、形容词前：decolour使脱色
k. anti- 加在名词、形容词前：antidote解毒药，antisocial反社会的
l. counter- 加在名词、动词前：counteract抵抗，阻碍
表示前
a. pre-：pre-existing先于…而存在的；preface前言
b. ante-：anteroom前室
c. fore-：forehead前额；foresee预见
d. pro-：programme计划
e. ex-：ex-president前总统
表示低、下
a. hypo-：hypotension低血压
b. infra-：infra-red红外线；infrasonic次声的
c. sub-：subway地铁；submarine海下的
表示后
a. post-：post-operative术后的
表示回、再次、向后
a. re-：refuse给…加油；reinforce加强
b. retro-：retrograde倒退
表示共同、和
a. co-：co-exist共存；co-operate合作
表示相互、之间
a. inter-：interchangeable 可互换的；interaction相互作用
表示大、宏、长
a. macro-：macroclimate大气候
表示出、超出、超过
a. extra-：extraordinary特别的
b. hyper-：hypertension高血压
c. super-：supermarket超市
d. ultra-：ultrasound超声波
e. sur-：surface表面
其他前缀
a. auto- 自：automatic自动的
b. mal- 坏恶：malnutrition营养不良
c. micro- 微，小：microscope显微镜
d. tele- 远、电：telegram电报；telescope望远镜
e. semi-, hemi-, demi- 半：hemisphere半球；semi-circle半园
f. uni-, mono- 单：unilateral单侧的；monologue独白；monoamine一元胺，单胺
g. bi- 二：bimanual用两手的
h. tri- 三：triangle三角的
i. quadri- 四：quadruple四倍的
j. multi- 多：multi-national多国的
k. poly- 多：polymorph多形体
l. homo- 同：homosexual同性恋的
m. neo- 新：neonate新生儿
n. proto- 原始：prototype原型；protoplasm原生质
o. pan- 全、泛、总：panchromatic全色（性）的；pancytopenia全细胞减少症
p. trans- 通过，横过：transparent透明的；transcutaneous经皮的
q. com-, con-, col-, cor- 共同，和，完全：correlate相互关系；community社区
r. syn- 共同：synthetic合成的
s. en-, 内、放进、在…之中、使成为：enable使能够；enrich使丰富
t. em- 在p, b, m前，同en-：embed埋置；embody使具体化
u. intra-, intro- 内：intracardiac心脏内的
v. milli- 毫：millimeter毫米
w. kilo- 千：kilometer千米
B. 后缀
名词
a. -ant, -ent表示人或构件：assistant申请人；dependant依赖者
b. -ee在动词后表示动作接受者：employee被雇佣者
c. -eer表示从事…的人：engineer工程师；volunteer自愿者
d. -er加在动词后指发出动作的人或物：dispenser药剂师；absorber吸收者
e. -or指人或物：accelerator加速器；actor演员
f. -praph计，仪，器：electrocardiograph心电图仪
g. -ist家，员：chemist化学家
h. -meter仪器：oxymeter测氧仪
i. -let小：platelet血小板
j. -age在动词后表行为结果：shortage短缺，storage储藏
k. -al：approval同意；refusal拒绝
l. -cy：accuracy正确性
m. -it is炎症：arthritis关节炎
n. -gram图等：electrocardiogram心电图
o. -ics学：pediatrics儿科学
p. -logy学科：biology生物学
形容词
a. -able, -ible在动词后：avoidable可避免的；possible可能的
b. -al名词后：occasional偶尔的
c. -ic名词后：pediatric儿科的
d. -ish名词后，表示具有…性质的，带…色彩的：childish幼稚的，greenish微绿的
e. -fold名词后，倍：threefold三倍的
f. -id：acid酸的
g. -proof, -free防…的，免…的，无…的：airproof防气的；ice-free不冻的
h. -some, ious, uous, eous：tiresome疲惫的；various多种多样的；continuous继续的
动词
a. -en在名词、形容词后：lengthen加长；fasten加快
b. -ate, -ute：calculate计算
c. -ify在名词、形容词后：beautify美化；acidify酸化
d. -ize, -ise, -yse：analyze分析，modernize现代化
e. -er：flatter吹捧；whisper耳语
副词
a. -ly在形容词后：immediately立即
b. -ways, -wise, -wards在名词或代词后：endways末端向上地，upwards向上地；likewise同样
3. 综合理解能力
A. 根据上下文理解原文意义选择合适选项
B. 根据用法差异选择相关选项
C. 用四个选项逐个替换原句单词或短语，排除不适用选项
D. 碰到难句，根据选项本身单词词义灵活选择
II. 常见词组搭配（见补充材料）
III. 解题实例
1. 根据上下文理解原文意义选择合适选项
a. His test results are not very consistent. He does well one week and badly the next.
A. invariable B. stable C. consequent D. continuous
b. Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him. Nevertheless, he was allowed into the classroom to take the examination
A. Moreover B. Consequently C. Certainly D. In spite of that
2. 根据用法差异选择相关选项
a. Can you direct me to the post office?
A. point B. explain C. guide D. indicate
b. He was incompetent of understand anything which involved numbers.
A. unable B. useless C. impossible D. incapable
3. 用四个选项逐个替换原句单词或短语，排除不适用选项
a. Thomas said he was late because he was caught in a traffic jam. That was a possible story.
A. like B. alike C. likely D. likeness
b. During the 1800's and 1900's, new academic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great progress.
A. sacrifice B. forefront C. preconceptions D. advancements
4. 碰到难句，根据选项本身单词词义灵活选择
Electrical appliance such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to take advantage of the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.
A. reinstall B. strong points C. augment D. sense
